This course intends to introduce the students to colloquial Levantine Arabic by enabling them to communicate in Levantine Arabic, the colloquial spoken in Syria, Lebanon, the Holy Land, and Western JordanPrerequisite: First year Arabic and ARAB 0256/2256

A continuation of SANS 1010. Prerequisite: SANS 1010. Note: The following six courses are all intermediate level Sanskrit courses. They are offered two-by-two in a three-year rotation.

This class is designed to introduce and improve all aspects of the Hindi language. We learn the script in detail and learn enough grammar for students to move on to Intermediate or Advanced Hindi. Most course material will be handouts specially designed for this class and online listening materials.

In this class we will conduct an intensive review of the Nastaliq script and the basic grammar of the Urdu language.This is not a class for students with no prior knowledge of Urdu. Rather it is designed to take advantage of the familiarity you already have with Urdu by virtue of growing up in a family where Urdu is frequently spoken. The pace will be quick, with an eye to enabling you to proceed directly to a 2000- or 3000-level Urdu class.

First half of a year-long introduction to biblical Hebrew, using an innovative language-learning approach. Through communicative activities in an immersive environment, students acquire oral and aural capacities naturally, in Hebrew. These capacities enable students to internalize the language and thus achieve the overall course goal: read simple biblical Hebrew prose with immediate comprehension. No prerequisites.

Second half of a year-long introduction to biblical Hebrew, using an innovative language-learning approach. Through communicative activities in an immersive environment, students acquire oral and aural capacities naturally, internalize the language, and efficiently develop the ability to read biblical Hebrew prose with immediate comprehension. Students read the prose portions of the Book of Jonah and master basic Hebrew grammar, syntax, and vocabulary. Prerequisite: HEBR/RELJ 1410 or the equivalent.

Introduces various types of written and spoken Urdu; vocabulary building, idioms, and problems of syntax; and conversation. Prerequisite: for URDU 2010: HIND 1020 or equivalent.

Prerequisite: for URDU 2020: URDU 2010 or equivalent.

This course is for students with native or near-native speaking ability in Arabic, but with reading and writing ability equivalent to ARAB 1020. The course focuses on reading and writing Arabic. The goals of this course are to help students: (a) achieve a basic level of reading competency with rich vocabulary; (b) express themselves clearly in written Arabic on a variety of topics using learned grammar patterns and vocabulary. This course fulfills the college language requirement.

The course will introduce students to the political history of Abbasid Baghdad from 762 to about 1300 CE. The Abbasids -- monarchs of the Arab/Islamic Empire -- reigned for 500 years, mostly from Baghdad, though many historians hold that their decision-making authority largely collapsed by the mid-10th century. The course will also introduce students to the study of early Arabic/Islamic historiography through the close study of primary texts.